IF, SUMIF and COUNTIF

Make decisions and total only the rows that match.

=IF(B2>=50, "Pass", "Fail")
=IF(AND(B2>=50, C2="yes"), "OK", "Check")
=IF(OR(A2="x", A2="y"), 1, 0)
=IFERROR(B2/C2, 0)         # show 0 instead of an error

Conditional totals

=COUNTIF(A2:A100, "Paid")                 # rows equal to Paid
=SUMIF(A2:A100, "Paid", C2:C100)          # add C where A is Paid
=SUMIFS(C2:C100, A2:A100, "Paid", B2:B100, ">=2026-01-01")
=AVERAGEIF(A2:A100, "Paid", C2:C100)

In SUMIF the order is range to test, condition, range to add. In SUMIFS the range to add comes first, then pairs of range and condition.

Criteria tricks

• ">100", "<=50" and "<>0" compare numbers.
• "North*" uses a wildcard for text starting with North.
• Join a cell into a criterion: ">"&E1.

CarefulIFERROR hides every error, including real mistakes. Use it on purpose, not as a blanket fix.